Programming Portal: FAQ'S ON C SHARP .NET

What is C#?

C# (pronounced C-Sharp) is a new programming language introduced with the Microsoft .NET framework and is no doubt the language of choice in .NET environment. It was first created in the late 1990's as part of Microsoft’s whole .NET strategy. It is a whole new language free of backward compatibility curse and a whole bunch of new, exciting and promising features. It is an Object Oriented Programming language, which at its core, has similarities with Java, C++ and VB.

In fact, C# combines the power & efficiency of C++, simple & clean OO design of Java, and code simplification of Visual Basic. Like Java, C# also does not allow multiple inheritance and use of pointers (in safe and managed code) while it does provide garbage memory collection at runtime, type and memory access checking. But, contrary to java, C# keeps the different useful concepts of C++ like operator overloading, enumerations, pre-processor directives, pointers (in unmanaged and un-safe code), function pointers (in the form of delegates), also promises to have template support (with the name of generics) in next versions. Like VB it also supports the concepts of properties (context sensitive accessor to fields).

In addition to this, C# comes up with some new/exciting features like reflections, attributes, marshalling, remoting, threads, streams, data access with ADO.NET, etc. C# programming language is designed from the scratch keeping in mind the Microsoft.Net environment. MS.Net (and thus C#) programs runs on top of the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which provides the runtime support to them.

Sample C# Application

Using System

Class Sample

public static void main()

Console.WriteLine (“Hello World”)

What are Jagged Arrays in C#?

A special type of array is introduced in C#. A Jagged Array is an array of an array in which the length of each array index can differ.

Example: A Jagged Array can be used is to create a table in which the lengths of the rows are not same. This Array is declared using square brackets ( [ ] ) to indicate each dimension.

The following code demonstrates the creation of a two-dimensional jagged array.

Class Jagged

public static void Main()

int [][] jagged=new int [3][];

jagged[0]=mew int[4]

jagged[1]=mew int[3]

jagged[2]=mew int[5]

int I;

‘Storing values in first array

for (I=0;I<4;i++)

jagged[0][I]=I;

‘Storing values in second array

for( I=0;I<3;i++)

jagged[1][I]=I;

‘Storing values in third array

for(I=0;I<5;i++)

jagged[2][I]=I;

‘Displaying values from first array

for (I=0;I<4;i++)

Console.WriteLine(jagged[0][I])

‘Displaying values from second array

for (I=0;I<3;i++)

Console.WriteLine(jagged[1][I])

‘Displaying values from third array

for(I=0;I<5;i++)

Console.WriteLine(jagged[2][I])

}

What is the difference between "Value Types" and "Reference Types"?

Many programming languages provide built-in data types such as integers and floating-point numbers. These are copied when they are passed in to arguments i.e. they are passed "By Value". In .NET terms, these are called Value Types".

The RunTime supports two kinds of Value Types:

1 Built-in value types

The .NET Framework defines built-in value types such as System.Int32 and System.Boolean which correspond and are identical to primitive data types used in programming languages.

2 User-defined value types

The language you are using will provide functionality to define your own Value Types. These user defined Types derive from System.ValueType. If you want to define a Type representing a value that is a complex number (two floating-point numbers), you might choose to define it as a value type. Why? Because you can pass the Value Type efficiently "By Value". If the Type you are defining could be more efficiently passed "By Reference", you should define it as a class instead. Variables of Reference Types are referred to as objects. These store references to the actual data.

The following are the Reference Types:

class
interface
delegate

This following are the "built-in" Reference Types:

object
string

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FAQ'S ON C SHARP .NET

What is C#?

What are Jagged Arrays in C#?

What is the difference between "Value Types" and "Reference Types"?

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