White and Black box Testing Examples

White-Box Testing

White-box testing assumes that the path of logic in a unit or program is known. White-box testing consists of testing paths, branch by branch, to produce predictable results. The following are white-box testing techniques:

1. • Statement Coverage : Execute all statements at least once.
2. • Decision Coverage : Execute each decision direction at least once.
3. • Condition Coverage : Execute each decision with all possible outcomes at least once.
4. • Decision/Condition Coverage :Execute all possible combination's of condition outcomes in each decision. Treat all iterations as two-way conditions exercising the loop zero times and one time.
5. • Multiple Condition Coverage : Invoke each point of entry at least once.

Black-Box Testing

Black-box testing focuses on testing the function of the program or application against its specification. Specifically, this technique determines whether combinations of inputs and operations produce expected results.

When creating black-box test cases, the input data used is critical. Three successful techniques for managing the amount of input data required include:

Equivalence Partitioning

An equivalence class is a subset of data that is representative of a larger class. Equivalence partitioning is a technique for testing equivalence classes rather than undertaking exhaustive testing of each value of the larger class.

Boundary Analysis

A technique that consists of developing test cases and data that focus on the input and output boundaries of a given function.

Error Guessing

Test cases can be developed based upon the intuition and experience of the tester.(142.3)

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