Determine whether the system meets specifications (producer view).
Determine whether the system meets business and user needs (customer view).
Test Objectives:
1. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.
2. A good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as-yet-undiscovered error.
3. A successful test is one that uncovers an as-yet-undiscovered error.
Testing Principals:
The following can be described as testing principals:
All tests should be traceable to customer requirements.
Tests should be planned long before testing begins.
The Pareto principal applies to testing.
Testing should begin “in small” and progress toward testing “in large”.
Exhaustive testing is not possible.
To be most effective, an independent third party should conduct testing.
What is Defect?
The purpose of testing is to find defects. A defect is a variance from a desired product attribute. Two categories of defects are
Variance from product specifications:
The product built varies from the product specified. For example, the specifications may say that x is to be added to y to produce z. If the algorithm in the built Varies from that specification, it is considered to be defective.
Variance from customer/user expectation:
This variance is something that the user wanted that in the built product, but also was not specified to be included in the built product. The missing piece may be a specification or requirement, or the method by which the requirement was implemented may be unsatisfactory.
What is Software Testing?
Software testing is more than just error detection;
Testing software is operating the software under controlled conditions, to
(1) verify that it behaves “as specified”;
(2) to detect errors, and
(3) to validate that what has been specified is what the user actually wanted.
Verification is the checking or testing of items, including software, for conformance and consistency by evaluating the results against pre-specified requirements. [Verification: Are we building the system right?]
Error Detection: Testing should intentionally attempt to make things go wrong to determine if things happen when they shouldn’t or things don’t happen when they should.
Validation looks at the system correctness – i.e. is the process of checking that what has been specified is what the user actually wanted. [Validation: Are we building the right system?]
In other words, validation checks to see if we are building what the customer wants/needs, and verification checks to see if we are building that system correctly. Both verification and validation are necessary, but different components of any testing activity.
The definition of testing according to the ANSI/IEEE 1059 standard is that testing is the process of analyzing a software item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (that is defects/errors/bugs) and to evaluate the features of the software item.
Remember: The purpose of testing is verification, validation and error detection in order to find problems – and the purpose of finding those problems is to get them fixed.
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