Exceptions in C Sharp

All exceptions are either of type System.Exception or of types derived from System.Exception. The CLR System namespace includes a number of exception types that can be used by your program. These exception types include ArgumentNullException, InvalidCastException, and OverflowException, as well as many others. You can guess their use based on their name. For example, ArgumentNull exception is thrown when an argument to a method is null when that is not an expected (or acceptable) value.

When your program encounters an exceptional circumstance, such as running out of memory, it throws (or raises) an exception. Exceptions must be handled before the program can continue.

The search for an exception handler can unwind the stack. This means that if the currently running function does not handle the exception, the current function terminates and the calling function gets a chance to handle the exception. If none of the calling functions handles it, the exception ultimately is handled by the Common Language Runtime (CLR), which abruptly terminates your program.

If function A calls function B and function B calls function C, these function calls are all placed on the stack. When a programmer talks about "unwinding the stack" what is meant is that you back up from C to B to A.

If you must unwind the stack from C to B to A to handle the exception, when you are done, you are in A; there is no automatic return to C.

If you return all the way to the first method (Main) and no exception handler is found, the default exception handler (provided by the compiler) is invoked. The default exception handler just terminates the program.

18.2

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