Arrays and c sharp

Array is an indexed collection of objects, all of the same type (e.g., all ints, all strings, etc.).

When you declare an array, you actually create an instance of the Array class in the System namespace (System.Array). Arrays in C# thus provide you with the best of both worlds: easy-to-use syntax built into the language, underpinned with an actual class definition so that instances of an array have access to the methods and properties of System.Array.

Once you declare an array, you must also instantiate it using the new keyword. For example, the following declaration sets aside memory for an array holding five integers:

myIntArray = new int[5];

It is important to distinguish between the array itself (which is a collection of elements) and the elements within the array. myIntArray is the array; its elements are the five integers it holds.

Understanding Default Values

When you create an array of value types, each element initially contains the default value for the type stored in the array. The following declaration creates an array of five integers, each of whose value is initialized to 0, the default value for integer types:

myIntArray = new int[5];

With an array of reference types, the elements are not initialized to their default values. Instead, they are initialized to null. If you attempt to access any of the elements in an array of reference types before you specifically initialize them, you will generate an exception .

Assume you have created a Button class. Declare an array of Button objects (thus reference types) with the following statement:

Button[] myButtonArray;

and instantiate the actual array, to hold three Buttons, like this:

myButtonArray = new Button[3];

Note that you can combine the two steps and write:

Button myButtonArray = new Button[3];

In either case, unlike with the earlier integer example, this statement does not create an array with references to three Button objects. Since Button objects are reference types, this creates the array myButtonArray with three null references.

To use this array, you must first construct and assign a Button object for each reference in the array. This is called populating the array. You can construct the objects in a loop that adds them one by one to the array.

Accessing Array Elements

Arrays are zero-based, which means that the index of the first element is always zero — in this case, myArray[0]. The second element is element 1. The numeric value is called the index, or the offset. Index 3 indicates the element offset from the beginning of the array by 3 elements, that is, the fourth element in the array. You access element 3 using the index operator [].

Because arrays are objects, they have properties. One of the more useful properties of the Array class is Length, which tells you how many objects are in an array. Array objects can be indexed from 0 to Length-1. That is, if there are five elements in an array, their indices are 0,1,2,3,4.

15.1.3

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